How to fix REFERENCE_BY_POINTER BSoD error in Windows 11/10

What is REFERENCE_BY_POINTER error

REFERENCE_BY_POINTER is a Blue Screen of Death (BSoD) error that occurs in Windows 11 and 10 when critical system processes or drivers encounter severe issues. This error is typically identified by the stop code 0x00000018 and signifies that a reference count for an object is invalid or corrupted. In simpler terms, it means Windows attempted to remove a memory object still in use or referenced improperly. Common causes include outdated or corrupt drivers, faulty hardware components, or software conflicts, especially after recent updates or installations. Sometimes, malware infections or corrupted system files can also trigger this error. Users might experience sudden system crashes, reboots, or freezing screens when this BSoD occurs. It is crucial not to ignore such errors, as they may indicate deeper system integrity issues. If left unresolved, the error can lead to data loss or system instability. Thankfully, there are several proven troubleshooting methods to fix it. These range from basic scans to advanced driver and system file repairs. Understanding the root cause is key to applying the right solution and restoring system health.

Step-by-step instructions to fix REFERENCE_BY_POINTER error

1. Run an SFC Scan to Repair System Files

SFC (System File Checker) is a built-in utility that can detect and repair corrupted system files that may trigger the REFERENCE_BY_POINTER error.

1. Press Windows + S and type cmd.
2. Right-click Command Prompt and select Run as administrator.
3. Type sfc /scannow and press Enter.
4. Wait for the process to complete and then restart your computer.

2. Run DISM Command to Restore System Health

If the SFC scan fails or doesn’t fix the issue, the DISM tool can help restore the health of the Windows image.

1. Open Command Prompt as administrator.
2. Type DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth and press Enter.
3. Let the process finish and restart the system afterward.

3. Update Device Drivers

Outdated or corrupted drivers, especially for graphics or network devices, can lead to REFERENCE_BY_POINTER errors. Updating them may resolve the issue.

1. Press Windows + X and select Device Manager.
2. Expand categories like Display adapters or Network adapters.
3. Right-click the device and choose Update driver.
4. Select Search automatically for drivers.

Updating each driver manually is time- and energy-consuming. If you are willing to save it and update drivers faster, we recommend using a special utility called Driver Booster from IObit. It has broad databases of drivers for all of the devices you need to maintain your PC. You can download it using the button below.

4. Perform a Full Malware Scan

Malware infections can corrupt system files or interfere with core processes, causing BSoD errors like REFERENCE_BY_POINTER.

1. Open Settings and go to Update & Security.
2. Click Windows Security > Virus & threat protection.
3. Select Scan options and choose Full scan.
4. Click Scan now and wait for the process to complete.

You can use default Windows Defender or try to install a more advanced antivirus developed by Malwarebytes – a trusted and talented group of experts constantly updating their software to fight off both local and global threats. You can download it now using the link below and try a 14-day trial of the ultimate antimalware experience for free.

Download Malwarebytes

5. Perform a Clean Boot

Third-party software conflicts can cause system instability. A clean boot starts Windows with a minimal set of drivers and startup programs.

1. Press Windows + R, type msconfig, and press Enter.
2. Go to the Services tab, check Hide all Microsoft services, and click Disable all.
3. Go to the Startup tab and click Open Task Manager.
4. Disable all startup items, close Task Manager, and click OK in System Configuration.
5. Restart your PC.

6. Update Windows

Microsoft frequently releases patches and updates that address known bugs and compatibility issues.

1. Go to Settings > Windows Update.
2. Click Check for updates and install any available updates.

7. Check for Overheating

Overheating can cause hardware instability and BSoD errors. Use temperature monitoring tools to check your CPU/GPU temperature.

1. Download and install Core Temp.
2. Run the application and observe average CPU temps (65–80°C is normal under load).

8. Disable Antivirus Temporarily

Some antivirus software can interfere with system processes and trigger BSoDs. Temporarily disabling your antivirus can help identify if it’s the root cause.

1. Go to Windows Security > Virus & threat protection.
2. Click Manage settings under Virus & threat protection settings.
3. Toggle Real-time protection to Off.

9. Check Hardware Health

Faulty RAM, hard drives, or other components can also cause REFERENCE_BY_POINTER errors. Run hardware diagnostics or consult a technician.

• Use Windows Memory Diagnostic to check RAM.
• Use manufacturer utilities (like Seagate SeaTools) to test hard drives.
• If necessary, visit a repair center for further diagnostics.

10. Recover Data with Stellar Data Recovery

If your PC fails to boot or frequently crashes, use Stellar Data Recovery to retrieve important files before reinstalling Windows.

1. Download and install Stellar Data Recovery.
2. Launch the software, select file types and drive, and click Scan.
3. Preview and recover selected files to a safe location.